Essay example --

BUSINESS MODEL The business model of an organization is its means of earning revenues and recovering costs. It is the mode of value creation, value delivery and value capture followed by the organization. Its essence is the value proposition to consumers that allows the company to make money from its business. The Fast Retailing Group is a holding company with specialty retailer UNIQLO as its mainstay operation. The SPA business model (Specialty Store Retailer of Private Label Apparel) of core UNIQLO operations is the key to its rapid growth and profitability, integrating and controlling all stages of the supply process, from product planning, through design and manufacture, inventory control and production adjustment, to distribution, marketing and final sales. UNIQLO’s business model enables it to balance relatively low price of its products with high quality. This relative product value is unparalleled even by the world’s leading apparel retailers, offering world-class quality clothing in world-class quality stores. By continuously refining its SPA model, UNIQLO differentiates itself with its unique, original products and low costs. Its consolidated supply chain facilitates quick alteration in production, rapid response to changes in the sales environment, and minimizes store-operation costs. UNIQLO’s business model also upturned the trend with large-scale stores in the apparel industry. Typically, with increase in sales floor area, sales and profitability per square meter decreases. However, UNIQLO is able to promote sales and reduce costs with its rich product mix, particularly for women. Rivals like Zara and H&M offer latest fashions to the masses, entailing multiple ordering of new lines to match the ongoing ‘fast-fash... ...REAMS: The Company’s sales revenue results from sale of merchandise to customers. Marginal revenue also comes from leasing of real estate. KEY RESOURCES: Management, Infrastructure (financial resources, Group know-how, etc.), Personnel, Foreign (avail of manufacturing capacity and marketing capabilities through strategic alliances). KEY ACTIVITIES: M&A activities, CSR activities, Overseas activities, Monitoring activities, UNIQLO Japan. KEY PARTNERSHIPS: †¢ Partner factories in China, †¢ Partnerships with material manufacturers, †¢ Strategic partnership between TORAY and UNIQLO since June 2006, resulting in successful product innovation, HEATTECH, †¢ Feb 2011: Global Partnership Agreement with UNHCR COST STRUCTURE: Purchasing costs, Store-operation costs (personnel costs and rent), Promotional costs, Procurement costs, Acquisition costs, Costs of opening new stores. Essay example -- BUSINESS MODEL The business model of an organization is its means of earning revenues and recovering costs. It is the mode of value creation, value delivery and value capture followed by the organization. Its essence is the value proposition to consumers that allows the company to make money from its business. The Fast Retailing Group is a holding company with specialty retailer UNIQLO as its mainstay operation. The SPA business model (Specialty Store Retailer of Private Label Apparel) of core UNIQLO operations is the key to its rapid growth and profitability, integrating and controlling all stages of the supply process, from product planning, through design and manufacture, inventory control and production adjustment, to distribution, marketing and final sales. UNIQLO’s business model enables it to balance relatively low price of its products with high quality. This relative product value is unparalleled even by the world’s leading apparel retailers, offering world-class quality clothing in world-class quality stores. By continuously refining its SPA model, UNIQLO differentiates itself with its unique, original products and low costs. Its consolidated supply chain facilitates quick alteration in production, rapid response to changes in the sales environment, and minimizes store-operation costs. UNIQLO’s business model also upturned the trend with large-scale stores in the apparel industry. Typically, with increase in sales floor area, sales and profitability per square meter decreases. However, UNIQLO is able to promote sales and reduce costs with its rich product mix, particularly for women. Rivals like Zara and H&M offer latest fashions to the masses, entailing multiple ordering of new lines to match the ongoing ‘fast-fash... ...REAMS: The Company’s sales revenue results from sale of merchandise to customers. Marginal revenue also comes from leasing of real estate. KEY RESOURCES: Management, Infrastructure (financial resources, Group know-how, etc.), Personnel, Foreign (avail of manufacturing capacity and marketing capabilities through strategic alliances). KEY ACTIVITIES: M&A activities, CSR activities, Overseas activities, Monitoring activities, UNIQLO Japan. KEY PARTNERSHIPS: †¢ Partner factories in China, †¢ Partnerships with material manufacturers, †¢ Strategic partnership between TORAY and UNIQLO since June 2006, resulting in successful product innovation, HEATTECH, †¢ Feb 2011: Global Partnership Agreement with UNHCR COST STRUCTURE: Purchasing costs, Store-operation costs (personnel costs and rent), Promotional costs, Procurement costs, Acquisition costs, Costs of opening new stores.

International Law Essay

An international legal order is not just a matter of prudence; it is a requirement that derives from a rather essential moral obligation, the (limited) obligation to help ensure that all persons have admittance to institutions that protect their most essential human rights (DJ Harris, 1991). Though, offered international legal order gives a prominent role to states need not consequence in overly conservative conclusions[1]. International law whose major elements must be justice rather than politics based in two senses: (1) justice, understood mainly as respect for basic human rights, serves as the basic vantage point from which to assess the existing international legal system and to originate proposals for improving it; and (2) a recognition of the moral compulsion to help ensure that all persons have access to institutions of justice understood as institutions that care for their basic human rights—supplies the chief moral cause for trying to develop an international legal system directed by the ideal of justice. International law can be stated in the form of four basic theses. (1) Justice has to to be a primary goal of the international legal system, where the major content of justice is supplied by an outset of basic human rights. (2) Legality, both for states (understood as long-term institutional structures) and governments (understood as collections of agents inhabiting key institutional roles) requires a convincing effort to please at least a minimal threshold standard of protection of basic human rights by means that value those same rights. (3) Rights of autonomy are constrained by the claims of legitimacy, and therefore eventually by justice. The right to pull out, understood as the unilateral right or nonconsensual entitlement to seek autonomous statehood by groups currently within the jurisdiction of a state, is a corrective right only, a right that a group comes to have by virtue of importunate and serious violations of the human rights of its members, or of rights given on them by intrastate autonomy agreements, or by virtue of infringement of the rights of legitimate states (as when one state unfairly annexes another). Hence there is no right to separate from a legitimate state with a legitimate government, unless secession is by mutual agreement or constitutional provision. (4) Groups can have legitimate interests in diverse forms of self-determination short of secession without having a right to pull out, and the international legal order ought to give active support for democracy (Katzenstein, Peter, 1996). Recognizing that we ought to use our domestic political resources to hold a system of international law intended to ensure that all persons’ rights are respected is quite companionable with a clear recognition that government has no independent moral status and no independent legitimate interests, but is to be considered strictly as a fiduciary, and that the state is formed for individuals rather than vice versa (Martin Dixon & Robert McCorquodale, 2003). However, the trick is to understand how popular sovereignty in a system of states can be made well-suited with state policy in support of a more just international legal order. The means to seeing how this compatibility can be attained is to realize that popular sovereignty does not mean unlimited sovereignty[2]. Instead, popular sovereignty means simply that the people of a state are the definitive source of political authority within the state and that government is primarily to function as their agent. The degree of the peoples’ sovereignty—including the limits placed on it by international law and the moral limits on how it might be exercised that are imposed by the natural duty of justice—are another matter. According to moderate cosmopolitanism, we do have moral compulsions beyond our own borders, but these are seen as being well-suited with giving special priority to the requirements and interests of our fellow citizens. The view is cosmopolitan as it distinguishes genuine moral obligations to those outside our own polity, and that for this reason the special precedence given to our own polity cannot be absolute. It is reasonable because it rejects the extreme cosmopolitan position that all of our particular obligations, together with our obligations to our fellow citizens, are severely derivative upon our obligations to humanity at large. The shift from the optional association view to recognition of the justice understood as a restrained cosmopolitanism does not end debates concerning whether and how to use our state’s resources to sustain efforts to achieve moral progress in and through international law; it only makes it probable to engage in them. For one thing, there is the exceptionally difficult issue of how much priority we might give to our own interests and how great the costs are that we should bear in helping to protect the rights of those who are not our fellow citizens (Martin Dixon, 1993). One of the most reflective changes that have occurred in the international legal system since the 1960s is that partaking in the processes that specify the content of human rights has been deeply broadened, as membership of the UN became open to all countries, including former colonies. In contrast, all through most of the history of the international legal system, membership was restricted to a handful of Western states. Perhaps even more significant, the significant growth of transnational, nongovernmental organizations increasingly allows for meaningful participation in the development of specifying norms that is not completely controlled by states[3]. There are two motives to welcome these developments. First, broader participation can be apparent to reduce the risk of parochial biases in moral reasoning concerning which rights are truly human rights and how their content is to be tacit The specification of human rights norms that would consequence from a process of operationalization in which the simply participants were Westerners or representatives of Western states might be quite diverse from one in which a broader sampling of humanity participated. Second, quite excepting the fact that broader participation is, other things being equal, more probable to capture effectively the content of norms that are supposed to apply to all human beings, not just to Western Europeans, subjectively restricted participation impugns the legality of the process of operationalization and thereby threatens to weaken the effectiveness of appeals to human rights in the international legal order as a whole. The first benefit of extensive participation is epistemic, the idea being that a system that features broad participation is more expected to result in an accurate requirement of the content of human rights norms; the subsequent concerns procedural justice and its contribution to professed legitimacy, not the quality of the outcome of the process. By attributing the right to be renowned as a legitimate state to a new political entity, the international legal order signals that it is all set to take its place in the system of states, fulfilling the functions that only states have and enjoying the rights, liberties, privileges, and immunities atypical to states. By uncoupling the legitimate interests that diverse groups can have in self-determination from the independent right to secede, and by extrication self-determination from nationality, the international legal order can and must encourage creative departures from the centralized-state; â€Å"unbundled† autonomy paradigm that fuels secession yet virtually never solves the problems that give rise to it. Limitation of the unilateral right to secede to a corrective right would liberate states to consider intrastate autonomy arrangements without getting on a slippery slope toward their own dissolution[4]. Discontent minorities would be expectant to opt for intrastate sovereignty as an alternative to secession by reassuring them of international monitoring of and support for conformity with autonomy agreements in high-risk cases. Dangerously broad references in international legal documents to an international legal right to autonomy should be replaced by clear statements of the independent right to secede as a remedial right only and by language that uncouples the right to pull out from legitimate interests in autonomy and uncouples self-determination and nationality. International law must support the legitimate interests of national minorities by intensification human rights against discrimination and by encouraging states to search forms of intrastate autonomy, rather than by recognizing a â€Å"right of autonomy of peoples† that legitimizes secession by such groups (Samuel Barkin and Bruce Cronin, 1994). International recognition of a unilateral right to intrastate independence in certain special, rather narrow circumstances. First while international law recognizes a group’s right to secede, it must also distinguish the right of the group to opt for intrastate autonomy if it so chooses. Second, while a group (whether it is a nation or not) qualifies on corrective grounds for a unilateral right to disaffiliate but opts instead for intrastate autonomy, the international legal order must recognize its legal right to independence and play a positive role in negotiations to originate an appropriate intrastate autonomy arrangement and must apply appropriate measures to monitor conformity with it. Third, international law must recognize and support intrastate autonomy for indigenous groups when they are desired to rectify serious injustices suffered by such groups. Fourth and finally, where establishment of an intrastate autonomy establishment for a minority is the only way to avert it from suffering large-scale violations of basic human rights, an intrastate autonomy regime can be imposed upon a state through a proper international legal process (Ruggie, John Gerard, 1993). The international legal community must construct a more ethically defensible and practicable international legal practice regarding involvement for the sake of protecting basic human rights, one that does not need Security Council authorization in every instance (under the current arrangement in which each undying member of the Council has a veto). A new practice of intervention, so far as it pertains to secessionist conflicts, should be shaped by and consistent with the remedial right only approach to an international legal right to unilateral secession. Subject to apt constraints that apply to justified humanitarian interventions usually (proportional force, protection of noncombatants, etc.), states must be allowed under international law to mediate to support groups that are known in international law as having the unilateral right to secede, if other means of restoring the group’s grievances have failed or offer little viewpoint of success in a timely manner[5]. Generally speaking, international law must prohibit states from intervening militarily to support secession by groups that are not renowned under international law as having the independent right to secede and should support legitimate states in their efforts to resist illegal secessions. Exceptions to this overview could include cases where the state has endured in using unlawful means of war to restrain an illegal secession (for example, indiscriminate and/or inconsistent military force or efforts to suppress the secession that amount to genocide). References: DJ Harris, Cases and Materials on International Law Fourth Edition, (London: Sweet and Maxwell, 1991). J. Samuel Barkin and Bruce Cronin, â€Å"The State and the Nation: Norms and the Rules of Sovereignty in International Relations†, International Organization 48, 1 (1994): 107-8. Katzenstein, Peter J., ed. The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Policies. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. Martin Dixon & Robert McCorquodale, Cases and Materials on International Law (4th ed., Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press/Blackstone Press, 2003). Martin Dixon , Textbook on International Law, 2nd ed. ( London: Blackstone Press, 1993). Ruggie, John Gerard. â€Å"Territoriality and Beyond: Problematizing Modernity in International Relations.† International Organization 47, no. 1 (1993): 139–174. Foot Notes Slaughter, Anne-Marie, ‘International Law and International Relations Theory: A Dual Agenda’, American Journal of International Law 87 (1993). Teson, Fernando, A Philosophy of International Law (Westview, Boulder, CO, 1998). Rubin, Alfred, Ethics and Authority in International Law (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997). Scheffler, Samuel, ‘Conceptions of Cosmopolitanism’, Utilitas 11 (1999). Kingsbury, Benedict, ‘Sovereignty and Inequality’, European Journal of International Law 9 (1998). [1]   Slaughter, Anne-Marie, ‘International Law and International Relations Theory: A Dual Agenda’, 205-39 [2] Kingsbury, Benedict, ‘Sovereignty and Inequality’, 599-625. [3] Scheffler, Samuel, ‘Conceptions of Cosmopolitanism’, 255-76. [4] Teson, Fernando, A Philosophy of International Law, 78-79. [5] Rubin, Alfred, Ethics and Authority in International Law, 122.

The Rwandan Genocide Of 1994 Effect The Hutu And Tutsi

Plan of Investigation This investigation will seek to answer the question â€Å"How Did the Rwandan Genocide of 1994 Effect the Hutu and Tutsi?† I chose this question because last year I read the book Left to Tell and I wanted to know more about the two different types of groups, the Hutus and the Tutsis. This was and still is an important topic because many died that day just for belonging to a specific group. This topic shows how much our world has changed since 1994. In order to answer my historical investigation question, I have structured my analysis section using the following method. First, I will answer how the two groups are different? And how these differences began the Rwandan Genocide? Next, I will talk about a survivor and her experience, then, the survival rate of Hutus and Tutsis. There are two main sources this paper will cover, first, a website called the United Human Rights Council, then, a book called Left to Tell. Summary of Evidence Tutsis, were taller, lighter-skinned, and had narrower noses. While Hutus were shorter, darker-skinned, and had broad-noses. They were almost the same but Tutsis had superiority. The â€Å"Skull measurements showing larger brain size, greater height, and lighter skin tones all reaffirmed the Tutsis’ superiority over the Hutus† (History). By late March 1994, â€Å"Hutu Power† leaders were determined to murder Tutsis and Hutus who opposed President Habyarimana, in enormous amounts, mainly to destroy the peace agreement. They were ready toShow MoreRelatedA Look at the Rwandan Genocide Essay1014 Words   |  5 Pagessuffering and have very little hope. Genocide is the only reason. Everything could have been prevented if genocide didn’t exist. The world basically ignored the genocide and pretended like it never happened because they didn’t want to spend the money. Thousands of people could still be alive if the world stepped up at helped the victims of this horrible crime. Rwanda used to be a peaceful country until the Civil war started. Belgium then took over Rwanda and put the Tutsis in charge of the government becauseRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide : 100 Days Of Mass Slaughter1357 Words   |  6 Pages The Rwandan Genocide: 100 Days of Mass Slaughter â€Å"Seldom in history has a once-dominant group suffered so terrible a reversal of fortune as the Tutsi of Rwanda†- Robin Hallet. The event that Robin Hallet is referring to is the Rwandan Genocide, the â€Å"genocidal mass slaughter† of the Tutsi (the minority group in Rwanda) and a few Hutu (the dominant group in Rwanda) by â€Å"members of the Hutu majority,† which resulted in at least 1 million Rwandan deaths. The Rwandan Genocide was indirectly causedRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide : A Perspective Analysis Through Media1166 Words   |  5 PagesJordon Jones Genocides in Comparative Historical Perspective 01:090:292:01 Professor Douglas Greenberg Final Paper 6 December 2015 The Rwandan Genocide: A Perspective Analysis Through Media â€Å"The Tutsis are collaborators with the Belgian colonists. They stole our land. They whipped us. Now they have come back, these Tutsi rebels. They are murderers. They are cockroaches. Rwanda is our Hutu Land. We must squash the infestation. This is RTLM, Hutu Power Radio. Stay Alert. Watch your neighborsRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide Began On April 6Th 1994 Culminating1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe Rwandan Genocide began on April 6th 1994 culminating in the killing of an estimated 800,000 Hutus and their sympathizers. After it became apparent that the Rwandan government was not willing or able to protect it s citizens, the question became why did the international community do nothing to intervene. Rwandan citizens’ lived under the premise, that their rights are protected under UN accords and treaties. The Genocide Convention of 1948, outlined the responsibilities of the participatingRead MoreThe Genocide Of Rwanda s Genocide1624 Words   |  7 PagesThe Genocide in Rwanda INTRODUCTION Genocides happen when ethnic divisions become apparent. Many times, these ethnic divisions were due to colonization from people of different race. These cases are especially true in Africa when Europeans colonized their territory, with clear racial divisions between them (Gavin). These genocides go on because of nations acting on ignorance and refusing to help out the nations in turmoil, allowing the genocides to continue, without wasting their own resources.Read MoreRwandan Genocide And The Lack Of International Intervention993 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 19, 2015 Crabtree Rwandan Genocide-1994 After the atrocities of the Rwandan Genocide and the lack on international intervention, Rwandan was forced to rebuild itself from scratch. Rwanda is a small country located in central Africa. Its population is divided between two ethnic groups: the hutus and the tutsis. The roots of the Rwandan genocide date back to 1924 when Belgium first took over Rwanda, formally a part of Tanzania. The Belgians viewed Tutsi superior to the hutus. Many referredRead MoreWe Cry On The Inside : Image Theater And Rwanda s Culture Of Silence1688 Words   |  7 Pages It is often discussed that Rwandans have a â€Å"culture of silence† or an aptitude to withhold their personal struggles or opinions. There are phrases in Kinyarwanda that demonstrate this cultural trait such as â€Å"keep it all inside† and â€Å"we cry on the inside† (Blair Fletcher 4). In Blair and Fletcher’s article We Cry on the Inside: Image Theater and Rwanda’s Culture of Silence, a member of one of the theater activities stated â€Å"It’s not easy to explain your problems to another. It’s considered unacceptableRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide1335 Words   |  5 Pagesthree ethnic communities, the two main communities, the Hutu and Tutsi and an additional community of Twa (or pygmies) who all spoke the same language, Kinyarwanda or Rwandan (Clapham, 1998). There is a stereotype of appearance attributed to these two main communities, with Tutsi being seen as tall and having an aquiline shaped nose, and the Hutu as being short and flat-nosed (Clapham, 1998). In the pre-colonial state of Rwanda, it was the Tutsis that occupied positions of power even though they wereRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide And The Genocide1102 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the 1600s to the mid 1990s, the Tutsi tribe in Rwanda, and the Hutu tribe of Rwanda have always been arch enemies. Although the Hutus have had a prolonged hate for the Tutsi tribe, this hate was not physically expres sed, until 1994. From April to July of 1994, over 80,000 Tutsi people were murdered and tortured for their African heritage. The Rwanda genocide is considered to be one of the worst massacres the world has ever seen since the Holocaust. This paper will touch a few things thatRead MoreGenocide is a mass killing of a group of people. One genocide that is very well known is the800 Words   |  4 Pages Genocide is a mass killing of a group of people. One genocide that is very well known is the Holocaust. The Jewish civilization was involved with this genocide; they were the victims. They were targeted, treated terribly (beaten, tortured, and killed in a number of ways), and this event has affected them since then and will always have an impact on their lives. One of many genocides to occur happened in Rwanda. It is located in east-central Africa with a population of seven million. There

Todays Postal Rule Application - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1394 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/20 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Communication Essay Knowledge Essay Did you like this example? It is usually said that not only the offer be accepted, but the acceptance must be communicated to the offeror. Where the parties are negotiating face to face, this present no problem since the acts or words which manifest acceptance will also communicate it. Where the parties are negotiating at a distance by post, telephone, telegram, telex, fax or messenger the principle obviously has important applications. (Dudgale, 1992) However in the case of postal acceptance, perhaps numerically the most common case, the rule is subject to an exception (Dudgale, 1992). It was decided in Adams v Lindsell (1818) that a postal acceptance was effective as soon as it was posted even if the letter is delayed, destroyed or lost in the post and it never reaches the offeror. On 2nd September, the defendant wrote an offer selling goods to the plaintiff and asked a reply by post. On 5th September the plaintiff received the letter and sent his acceptance by post. However the defendant had sold the goods to a third party on the 8th September and received the letter of acceptance by the plaintiff on 9th September. It was held that a binding agreement was made and the postal rule noted that the date of sending is the date of acceptance. (McKendrick, 2008) In Household Fire and Carriage Accident Insurance v Grant (1879), this rule was applied even when the letter of acceptance was inadequately stamped or wrongly addressed, and it is open to the offeror to say expressly that he will not be bound until he receive the acceptance. Moreover, in Holwell Securities v Hughes (1974), the Court of Appeal held that such a requirement could be implied from the nature of the contract (exercise of an option). Keenan, 2007) Meanwhile, modern forms of communication such as e-mail, telephones with answering machines and faxes do not follow the postal rule. (Kelly, Holmes Hayward, 2005). On the other hand the communication rule was applied to contracts of telex by the Court of appeal in E ntores v Miles Far East Corpn (1955) and by the House of Lords in Brinkibon v Stahag Stahl (1982). In these cases generally, the telex machines were in the offices of the parties and messages were sent during the office hours. Communication, therefore, was practically instantaneous as it is on telephone, which is assumed to be covered by the same rule. (Rose, 2008) The postal rule does not apply to the modern form of communication, also known as instantaneous communication because they occupy an intermediate position. This can be said that the time of acceptance is the time of receiving compared to the postal communication. However, courier service is still bound to the postal rule as the time of acceptance is the time of sending. Beale, Bishop Furmston, 2008) There are criticisms existed for postal rule. One of the criticisms of the rule is that it favours the offeree. The English case of Household Fire Insurance v. Grant (1879) is a prime example of the possible injustice whic h may result in the application of the postal rule. In this case, on receipt of an offer from Grant to take up an insurance policy, the company posted back their acceptance and the letter never arrived, so Grant was unaware of the acceptance from the company. It was held that a contract existed, and that he was liable to pay premiums. (O’Brien, 2007) This example shows how, through application of the postal rule, a party may be bound by a contract without actual knowledge of its existence. If the rule stated that the contract would not be formed until receipt by the offeror, injustices like this could be avoided. According to Furmston (2001), it would also have been acceptable as a ruling in the Adams v. Lindsell case as â€Å"the defendants’ offer would not be revoked by their sale to third party on 8th September. This statement underpins the fact that the ruling was an arbitrary one, which was needed to make certain the law regarding acceptance by post at the tim e. (O’Brien, 2007) Due to the high proportion of modern forms of communication, for example fax, registered post where receipt of acceptance is normally issued to the customer, and e-mail, the usage of the postal system in modern day business is waning. Electronic telecommunication, are the most common competition for the long established postal system. One of the earliest references of case law regarding electronic communications is Entores Ltd v. Miles Far East Corporation (1955). This English case deals with an offer which was sent via the plaintiff’s telex machine to the defendants in Holland. The plaintiff sent a telex message from England offering to purchase 100 tons of Cathodes from the defendants in Holland. The defendant sent back a telex from Holland to the London office accepting that offer. The question for the court was at what point the contract came into existence. If the acceptance was effective from the time the telex was sent the contract was made in Holland and Dutch law would apply. If the acceptance took place when the telex was received in London then the contract would be governed by English law. The English Court of Appeal held that the contract was concluded when the acceptance was received in London. This set a precedent which isolated electronic forms of communication from the authority of the postal rule. (Poole, 2008) The principles of the Entores case were approved by the House of Lords in the case Brinkibon Ltd. v. Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelgesellschaft GmbH. Lord Wilberforce declared that he would accept it as a â€Å"general rule †¦ but not necessarily a universal rule. He believed that to avoid the injustice that might be caused by universal application of the rule, cases regarding instantaneous forms of communication must be resolved â€Å"by reference to the intention of the parties, by sound business practice and in some cases by a judgment where the risks should lie. † This lack of an undeniable rule creates a margin for the types of cases which would otherwise be dealt with in an unjust manner. (Peel, 2007) Nonetheless, if an offeror provides an offer with an e-mail address for purposes of correspondence, the acceptance by the offeree is effective when it first becomes accessible by the offeror. This is a contemporary example of how the postal rule is being dispensed with in favour of the more liberal general rule as applied in Brinkibon. (Peel, 2007) Another criticism of postal rule is that the effects due to revocation of offer. Where an acceptance is posted after the offeror posts a revocation of the offer, however before that revocation has been received, the acceptance will be binding, as posted acceptance take effect on posting. (Kelly, Holmes Hayward, 2005) This point is illustrated in Byrne Co. v. Van Tienhoven Co. (1880), where the courts confirmed the long-standing idea that any revocation of an offer must be communicated to the offeree; al though again there are some exceptions to this rule. The offeror need to communicate this revocation to the offeree himself, however. It is not always practicable for a company, or even an individual, to communicate directly with the other contracting party and this is reflected in the decision in Dickinson v. Dodds (1876) that revocation may be communicated by a reliable third party. Kelly, Holmes Hayward, 2005) The question is then whether a revocation sent at the same time as an acceptance will nullify an offer. In Household Fire and Carriage Accident Insurance Co. v. Grant (1879), the court ruled that the postal rule only applies to acceptances. As a result, revocation is only effective if it can be received by the offeree before they post their acceptance. (O’Brien, 2007) In contract law, the offeror is aware of the terms of an offer before the offeree and thus is in a better position to know when that a contract may be created. It would therefore unjustifiably preju dice the offeree if the offeror were able to withdraw their offer even after a letter of acceptance has been posted. The postal rule reflects this state of interaction and goes some way to balancing the power levels between the two parties. (Kelly, Holmes Hayward, 2005) In a nutshell, judging by the criticism of the postal rule which it favours the offeree creating unbalance in justice and the effect after the offer being revocated, this postal rule of acceptance will not be applicable to modern forms of communication. 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The Ethics Principle Adoption For Working And Individual...

1. What is your key learning from the articles? My specific insight from this study is that I have perceived in the ethics principle adoption for working and individual decision on the ethics framework. When I have thought about ethics, it can be seemed to talk about the discipline or concern about judgement and responsibility on rightness. I have had research about the definition of ethics. Ethics is the way of individual and society has to do morality, but morality could be reality norms bias and emotion (Jonasson and Ingason 2013). The ethics means thinking to deal with judging on the rightness or wrongness of the human behaviour (Kliem L. 2012), two sources both likely seem to be similarly meaning of ethics. I now recognize that the ethics is the honesty of human on their judgement, behaviour and the rightness. Furthermore, my opinion about the ethics and moral behaviour both is probably abstract, this cannot measure by tools or equipment but it can be observed and monitoring directly those acts of human nature. For instance, the case of my previous colleague, he has lack of the ethics and the faithful to do a good employee and also selfish, this situation make him dismissal and was incarcerated two years. He was senior field engineer and had worked long time for the firm. In that time, he worked in one of the big project, he stole scrap steel bars to sell, and did not give back that money to the firm but he took the benefit of their own. He was investigated after theShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues Of The Ottawa Hospital Board1518 Words   |  7 Pagesthey increase their awareness and recognition of ethical issues, risk of ethical conflicts, and put into practice ethical decision-making as it applies to and aligns with the mission, vision and values of The Ottawa Hospital (Appendix1)1. The objective is to provide guidelines, ethical tools and resources. Board members can work with and build upon these to develop an ethics protocol of ‘best practices’ that addresses their needs. Once fully developed they should feel enabled to proactively identifyRead MoreManagement Information Systems And Ethics Essay5074 Words   |  21 Pages Management Information Systems and Ethics TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 Ethics 4 Information Systems 6 Importance of Ethics in Business 7 Ethics and Information Systems 9 Ethical Issues in Information Systems 11 Confidentiality 11 Social Responsibility 12 Management Information Systems and Ethics 13 Real business example about how MIS can improve working ethics...14 Ownership 14 Access 15 Privacy 16 Security 16 References 19Read MoreMedical Ethics And Abortion : A Moral And Ethical Dilemma Essay1662 Words   |  7 PagesMedical Ethics and Abortion Abortion is wrong because it is the murder of a human being. 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Care in health,social or young peoples settings Free Essays

Hello there. I understand you are thinking of entering the care profession as a support worker. As a support worker we all have a duty of care to clients. We will write a custom essay sample on Care in health,social or young peoples settings or any similar topic only for you Order Now The duty of care is to ensure that we act in the best possible way to keep our clients safe from harm, while at the same time not taking away their independence or their right to make individual choices. T is to make sure they have the risks consequences explained to them in whichever manner they understand (written, verbal,flash cards, brail etc) Our duty of care ranges from helping to make or uphold sections about medicines to taking or making complaints making sure they are taken down In the suitable form reported to managers. If at anytime you are unsure abbot your competence in completing a duty of car, always tell some one or ask for help / extra training. If you fail in a duty of care it ends up going to court, you won’t have any defense if you knew you didn’t have the competence to fulfill the task. When becoming a care professional the duty of care affects our work role on a daily basis, the same as all professionals such as doctors, nurses teachers. People have a right to expect a level of professional support that will keep them safe from neglect harm. We are there to provide that support. The Code of Practice e the Mental Capacity Act 2005 should always be followed referred to. It Is also a duty of care to treat people with diddling respect. I hope this gives you an insight on your impending career change. Yours faithfully. Mrs. Aimed choosing the food she wants to will be harmful to her health, therefore I need to have a chat with her to try get her to understand the consequences of it. I with food. * Chat to Mrs. Aimed about her choices ask her to take into consideration her health offer alternatives. * Chat to the medical staff responsible for Mrs. Aimed diet see if an alternative could be found. 82 * My manager * Mrs. Aimed healthcare professionals * Mrs. Aimed care plan (past present)*l need to provide a duty of care to Leon to stop him from being exploited by his new friend. Ask staff at his social housing about the friend the console if Leon has mentioned it to them *Contact the friend explain to them that the console should be brought back as soon as possible. *l would be neglecting Leon if I didn’t help to get the console back. *Try to explain to Leon about him being vulnerable to new people that I am there to help protect him as best I can. * Advice from my manager regarding ho w far this needs to go in order to get the console back (maybe a police matter) * Advice from Leone supported living staff regarding any previous problems like this. To follow Health Social Care Act 2010 *National Minimum Standards complaints policy JIB *Complaint directed to Senior Taft member or manager of setting. *Complaints policy procedures *Time frame to deal with complaint *Complaints policy readily available to all customers, their families staff *Passing on the complaint to only those that need to be investigating it (Senior staff of manager) *Providing factual information as when required (remembering the time frame) *Help supporting people through the complaint procedure. How to cite Care in health,social or young peoples settings, Essays

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Using Social Media Marketing Tool

Question: Discuss about the Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Using Social Media As A Marketing Tool. Answer: Introduction The research topic is presented to focus on the effectiveness of using social media as a useful marketing tool by the business organisations in the United Arab Emirates. The involvement of social is useful for presenting messages and information to a large group of audience, reach people of all ages and demographics, influence the two-way communication between both the customers and organisation, increase the web traffic and thereby enhance the brand image and awareness among the people. This could attract more people and influence their buying behaviour by making them aware of the products and services delivered through promotion on the social networking websites (Armstrong et al., 2015). Research question How could the social media marketing enhance the web traffic and attract more customers for the UAE companies to generate more sales revenue in business? Research hypothesis H0: There is no effectiveness of involving social media as an useful marketing tool for companies in UAE H1: There are various benefits of using social media as an effective marketing tool for the companies in UAE Research aim The aim of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of using social media as a marketing tool by the companies in UAE. Research objectives To identify the impact of social media on the marketing activities managed by the organisations in UAE To evaluate the probable approaches for using the social media as a marketing tool To assess the benefits derived from using the social media as a useful marketing tool To recommend relevant measures for enhancing the efficiency of the social media marketing for UAE organisations Literature Review Social media marketing The involvement of social media platforms and social networking websites for promoting a particular product or service is known as the social media marketing. The social media marketing can allow the business organisations to use various analytical tools for tracking the progress and efficiency of engaging the ad campaigns to promote products and services quickly (Baruah, 2012). The social media marketing is also useful for addressing the various stakeholders in business and deliver messages to them with ease. Within the strategic level, the social media marketing enables to manage the marketing campaign, governance and develop scopes for increasing the brand awareness among people as well (Berthon et al., 2012). Advantages of using social media as a marketing tool The social media usage has enabled the businesses and individuals to communicate with each other and develop good relationships through online activities. By using social media, an online presence is created for increasing the web traffic and for influencing the buying behaviours of consumers too. The major advantage of using social media is that the products are marketed to large numbers of audiences present in various market segments. It can influence the ability to change the buying patterns and manage the acquisition of products and services with ease (Castronovo Huang, 2012). The social media websites are freely accessible, and there are more scopes for reaching the targeted market without much investment. Social media marketing enhances the brand image and loyalty among the consumers and collects relevant information about the consumers, which would further help in proper decision-making. Impact of social media marketing on increased web traffic The use of social media as a marketing tool has helped in reaching people from every market segments and demographics as well. It enhances the effectiveness of online marketing by encouraging two-way communication. This has allowed the customers to provide their queries in the form of comments on the social networking websites, based on which, the organisation could provide relevant solutions. Social media sites are free and are essential tools for providing good quality customer services too (Hays, Page Buhalis, 2013). The new launch of a product or service becomes successful, and it not only increases the brand awareness but also helps in gaining the trust and loyalty of customers with ease and effectiveness. Drawbacks Managing and updating the social media networks take a lot of time and money and are quite a daunting task. Negative comments and feedback provided on the website could lead to the bad reputation of the company and deteriorate the brand image and awareness too. There might also be threats of hackers who could obtain the relevant data and information of consumers and the organisation and disclose the private information too (Kwok Yu, 2013). Positive impact on consumer behaviour Social media marketing enhances the potential of the organisation to deliver products online and deliver the right messages to people regarding the new products and services launched. By providing information to the customers through social networking websites, they could think that they had been valued and this could create a positive mindset among them. This would influence their buying behaviour, and the company would be able to increase its sales revenue efficiently (Papasolomou Melanthiou, 2012). Methodology Research design Among the three different types of research designs including the exploratory, explanatory and descriptive, the descriptive research design is the most suitable. The descriptive research design manages the online survey and is conclusive. It is a preplanned research design that can help to collect data and then put those in a statistical form. It is suitable because of its ability to define the opinions, attitudes, behaviours and influences of a particular group of population (Scott, 2015). Population size The participants of research are the managers of the organisations and the customers who have provided their opinions and responses regarding the use of social media as an effective marketing tool. The sample size has been chosen as 50 customers. Data analysis methods The SPSS tool was used to analyse the collected data and represent those in graphical formats and tables for understanding those with ease. T-test will also be done for analyzing the hypothesis acceptability and derive proper outcomes. Survey questions Do you agree that social media has enhanced the brand image and awareness? Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree What according to you is the most important advantage of using social media as a marketing tool in business? Enhances brand image Attracts more customers Generate more sales E-commerce Good online presence How can social media use attract more customers and retain existing customers? Enhances brand image Attracts more customers Generate more sales Makes people aware of the products and services Reach more customer segments Can the use of social media help the company to maximize its sales and profit level? Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree How effective is the social media marketing tool for generating higher profit level in business? Effective Very effective Neutral Not effective Which of the company in UAE uses social media marketing most efficiently? Digital Farm Alsayegh Media Silverline Networks LLC SOCIALEYEZ McCollins Media Does the social media marketing create any impact on e-commerce transactions? Yes No Do you agree that social media is an effective marketing tool used by companies can help in gaining competitive advantage in business? Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Mechanisms to assure the quality of the study To maintain the good quality of research, the various literature and documents from which data were gathered had been genuine and authenticated. This also helped in the maintenance of reliability and validity of the research (Baruah, 2012). Ethical considerations None of the respondents was forced to take part in the research and all the research materials from which data were gathered had been appropriate and relevant to the research topic. Result From the research, it could be understood that the objectives that were stated earlier had been achieved and all the results had been validated and reliable as well. All the literature and findings match the research objectives, and it shows that the social media usage can act as an effective marketing tool for the business organisations in UAE (Berthon et al., 2012). Conclusion The proposal was developed to analyse the various findings of the research regarding the use of social media as an effective marketing tool in business. The aims and objectives were to determine the benefits derived by using the social media marketing while the literature review discussed the negative drawbacks and social media impact too. It showed that though social media could help business to reach more customers, negative feedbacks might even result in bad reputation and negative brand image. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Baruah, T. D. (2012). Effectiveness of Social Media as a tool of communication and its potential for technology enabled connections: A micro-level study.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,2(5), 1-10. Berthon, P. R., Pitt, L. F., Plangger, K., Shapiro, D. (2012). Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy.Business horizons,55(3), 261-271. Castronovo, C., Huang, L. (2012). Social media in an alternative marketing communication model.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,6(1), 117. Hays, S., Page, S. J., Buhalis, D. (2013). Social media as a destination marketing tool: its use by national tourism organisations.Current issues in Tourism,16(3), 211-239. Kwok, L., Yu, B. (2013). Spreading social media messages on Facebook: An analysis of restaurant business-to-consumer communications.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,54(1), 84-94. Papasolomou, I., Melanthiou, Y. (2012). Social media: Marketing public relations new best friend.Journal of Promotion Management,18(3), 319-328. Scott, D. M. (2015).The new rules of marketing and PR: How to use social media, online video, mobile applications, blogs, news releases, and viral marketing to reach buyers directly. John Wiley Sons.