OWI or Operating While Intoxicated

OWI or Operating While Intoxicated Addiction Alcohol Use Drunk Driving Print OWI or Operating While Intoxicated By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on May 25, 2019 Erik Von Weber / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Drunk Driving Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery OWI is an acronym for operating while intoxicated, referring to a legal charge for drunken driving. For the most part, the acronym that indicates a drunk driving charge depends on the state in which you are driving. Common Drunk Driving Acronyms Depending on the terminology the states lawmakers used when creating their drunk driving laws, the charge could be referred to by the following acronyms:DUI - Driving Under the InfluenceDWI - Driving While IntoxicatedOUI - Operating Under the Influence While ImpairedOVI - Operating a Vehicle While IntoxicatedOWI - Operating While Intoxicated Other acronyms are used to refer to charges related to the severity of the drunken driving charge: ADWI - Aggravated Driving While IntoxicatedDUII-CS - Driving Under the Influence of Intoxicants: Controlled SubstancesDUII - Driving Under the Influence of IntoxicantsDWAI - Driving While Ability ImpairedOMVI - Operating a Motor Vehicle While ImpairedOUII - Operating Under the Influence of Intoxicating Liquor DUI Is the Most Common Term The most common acronym used for drunken driving is DUI, which is used in most states for driving under the influence. States that use the term DWI include Alaska, Arkansas, Connecticut, Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Texas, and West Virginia. The following terms are used in the states listed below: OWI - Indiana, IowaOUI - Massachusetts, Rhode IslandOVI - OhioDUII - Oregon 10 Things You Should Know About Getting a DUI Some States Use Multiple Terms Some jurisdictions use more than one of the above acronyms to refer to varying levels of severity of the crime and different levels of punishment. For example, some states use DUI to charge someone driving with a blood-alcohol content over the legal limit, but use DWI (driving while impaired) to charge someone who was obviously impaired but not over the legal BAC limit. In the District of Columbia, for example, drivers can be charged with DWI, DUI, and OWI. The DWI charge is for cases where the driver was tested and had a BAC of 0.08 or higher. The police do not have to prove the driver was impaired. Impaired, but Not Legally Drunk A DUI charged in Washington, D.C. usually means there is no proof that the driver had a BAC over the legal limitâ€"perhaps the driver refused a breath testâ€"but other evidence proved that he was impairedâ€"such as field sobriety tests or observations by the arresting officer. A charge of OWI in the District means that the prosecution can prove the driver was driving under the influence of any amount of alcohol but does not have to prove the driver was impaired or legally intoxicated. In D.C., this charge carries the lowest penalties. Intoxication Affects More Than Driving Also, in some jurisdictions, OWI is used in cases in which driving was not involved, but the operator was intoxicated while operating a boat, heavy equipment or carrying out some other function. As lawmakers across the United States begin to deal with the growing problem of drugged drivingâ€"driving under the influence of a drug, illegal or prescriptionâ€"they are rewriting their laws to meet the new challenges. Laws Are Changing Across the U.S. Consequently, some states may come up with a batch of new acronyms to refer to various charges of operating while intoxicated, or they may move toward using more generalized terms to refer to driving while impairedâ€"meaning under the influence of alcohol or drugs. More states may join the majority by using DUIâ€"driving under the influenceâ€"because it could refer to the influence of either alcohol or drugs. It Is a Serious Offense No matter what they call it where you are arrested for impaired driving, it is a serious offense carrying penalties that are increasing in severity across the country, as states continue to try to reduce the number of injuries and deaths on the highways. Whether its called a DUI, DWI or OWI, a conviction for drunken driving will cost you a staggering amount of money, immediately and in the long term. It can also cost you indirectly because it might restrict the jobs you are able to get with a DUI conviction on your record. Do You Know What Drunk Driving Laws Your State Has?

DISCIPLESHIP MINISTRIES PROJECT Free Essay Example, 3750 words

Church of God in Christ thus teaches that Jesus is the only arbitrator between God and human where no redemption exists. It believes in Holy Spirit who acts as representatives of God that equips, authorizes, leads and directs the church. Church of God in Christ also believes in angels, who are considered as messengers sent by the God and who assisted in the establishment of Old Testament as well as the church. As per the belief, angels exist basically in spiritual monarchy and are structured based on responsibilities and activities in God’s kingdom. Church of God in Christ considers demons as evil or impure spirits. These demons are referred as â€Å"fallen angels† and exist as challengers to the God’s persistence and determination. Church of God in Christ believes that demons can be restrained and defeated by the authority of Holy Spirit and by the power of Jesus3. Church of God in Christ explains that humans were developed perfect and sinless led by the Godâ⠂¬â„¢s appearance as a multilateral being, having a body, a transcendental soul and a godly spirit. We will write a custom essay sample on DISCIPLESHIP MINISTRIES PROJECT or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now In the later period, sin was transmitted to humanity which resulted in dissoluteness of man from God, through way of indignity, culpability and spiritual demise. Thus, Church of God in Christ believes that humanity can only be re-established by following redemption as versed by Jesus. Core Ministry Values The core values of this ministry are as follows: The Educational Environment Fostering a familial atmosphere for learning through weekly small groups designed at personal inspiration and the teaching of God’s word in an alluring setting Building a team composed of old, young and middle age people, who have the ability to counsel and guide the development and growth of this ministry The Educational Content This ministry will put emphasis on the tradition of the living word of God through expository and topical messages, which are fundamental in understanding of God’s redemptive historical narrative explained throughout theology with a Christ-centered focus on spirituality Observing the unique needs and issues confronted today by old, young and middle age people and concentrating on firm application concerning to those needs and issues throughout the study and presentation of theology This ministry also aims to offer an interactive environment where strong focus can be established to the preaching of God’s word in a virtuously declarative matter. Despite, the criticism of modern day religious preaching that has on the prevailing culture, this ministry holds fast to the truth that the declared Gospel is ‘the power of God for salvation’ (Romans 1:16)4 Behavioral Goals with an Encompassing Goal Statement Including Slogans and Visuals The identification of the core values of this ministry will ultimately lead towards the ascertainment of the behavioral goals.

Theme Of Betrayal In The Kite Runner - 745 Words

Betrayal is breaking a trust between a person or group, it can happen when one least expects it. In the novel, The Kite Runner, By Khaled Hosseini, irony is utilized to represent betrayal. There are two different situations in the novel where betrayal is present, in which two different characters do so but they face a difficult challenge to manage the guilt that is brought behind the betrayal. Betrayal is something hard to cope with, whether you are the one that betrayed or you being the victim. It can lead to several health and mental problems. For example, Depression, stress eating, and worst case scenario, thoughts of suicide. In Khaled Hosseini’s novel, The Kite Runner, teaches the reader that betrayal does not allow the person to be†¦show more content†¦To avoid this Baba decided to just keep it a secret and make everyone believe that Ali was Hassan’s father. It was a challenge Baba faced not being able to be as close as he wanted to be with Hassan but it was a sacrifice he had to make. Furthermore, in the novel we see a different situation where Amir had been a witness of seeing Hassan being raped but he did not do anything about it. Yet Hassan had stood up for Amir when Assef, a bully in the novel was trying to pick on Amir. This event haunted Amir throughout the rest of the novel, he knew that he could have done something about Hassan getting raped, instead he betrayed him and ran and pretended like he didn’t see anything. Amir was too selfish and was so focused on getting Baba’s approval that all he cared about was making Baba proud so he would accept him more. Hosseini himself writes, â€Å"I finally had what I’d wanted all those years. Except know that I had it, I felt as empty as this unkempt pool I was dangling my legs into† (Hosseini 85). Hosseini reminds us that Amir had achieved what he was hoping for, which was Baba’s approval. Even though, Amir had gotten Baba’s approval he had this big guilt due to the fact tha t he betrayed Hassan, this leads to Amir not being able to be himself and happy. Clearly, the betrayal that occurred throughout the novel did notShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Betrayal In The Kite Runner1148 Words   |  5 Pagespeople. However, actions can change the course of that relationship based on one decision. Throughout the novel, the readers get a glimpse of how choices the characters make can change the outcome of their lives. Throughout The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini uses the theme of betrayal to demonstrate the domino effect it can have on relationships. Everything that happened in the novel started with Baba and the decisions he made a long time ago. Ali was Babas servant, forcing them to grow upRead MoreTheme Of Betrayal In The Kite Runner1331 Words   |  6 PagesBetrayal: Looking Into Eyes To Forgive Or Ripping Them Out Because Of It Even as literature has multiple genres, themes can still parallel each other regardless of appearing in two altogether varying works very different authors of distinctly separate time frames conceive and write. Even as The Kite Runner is written as a work of historical fiction and Oedipus Rex develops a well known and praisable Greek tragedy, a theme of betrayal places itself throughout both. Literature demonstrates that moralsRead MoreThe Themes Of Betrayal And Redemption In The Kite Runner1858 Words   |  8 Pages The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini is a historical fiction novel set mostly in Kabul, Afghanistan and Fremont, California. The novel spans the time periods before, during, and after the reign of the Russians (1979-1989) and the Taliban’s takeover (1996) of Afghanistan. It is told through the first person perspective of Amir alongside his father, Baba, his half-brother, Hassan, and Baba’s companions Ali and Rahim Khan. Growing up, Amir and Hassan are practi cally inseparable, as they are always playingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner And Oedipus Rex 1309 Words   |  6 Pagesgenres, themes can still parallel each other regardless that they will appear in two altogether varying works conceived and written by very different authors and in distinctly separate timeframes. Even as The Kite Runner is written as a work of historical fiction and Oedipus Rex develops a well known and praised Greek tragedy, a theme of betrayal places itself throughout both. Literature demonstrates that morals can genuinely be learned through any method. In both pieces of literature, betrayal is aRead MoreHistory Now1070 Words   |  5 PagesDue Date Tasks Friday, 2/3/2012 Begin Unit: Loyalty and Betrayal, Section A, Order and Chaos Order and Chaos: Introduction Section Warm-Up: Product Loyalty Loyalty vs. Betrayal Literary Elements: Symbolism Tutorial: Symbols and Symbolism Reading 1: Two Kinds, by Amy Tan Practice: Symbolism Loyalty and Betrayal Theme Quiz, 40 points Friday, 2/10/2012 Begin Unit: Loyalty and Betrayal, Section B, Context Context: Introduction Section Warm-Up: A Context Riddle Reading 2: from CommunistsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1422 Words   |  6 PagesPranav Dantu Mr. Bal Honors English 10 20 December 2017 The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini Summary: The Kite Runner is a historical fiction novel written by Khaled Hosseini. The novel is written in a first-person point of view tracing the journey of redemption of an Afghan native named Amir. Amir grows up wealthy and privileged by Afghan standards and is surrounded mostly by his father and his friend, Hassan. Hassan was a less fortunate boy who belonged to the lower caste of the Afghanis, the HazarasRead MoreAnalysis Of Khaled Hosseini s The Kite Runner 1161 Words   |  5 PagesKhaled Hosseini reveals the subject of friendship and loyalty in The Kite Runner. Khaled Hosseini advocates that in friendship, there must be loyalty, kindness, and trust. The theme of loyalty plays a tremendous role in The Kite Runner through Hassan and Amir. Amir and Hassan grow up together in Kabul, Afghanistan. Amir lives in a house with his father, Baba. Hassan and his father, Ali, live on the same piece of property as Amir and Baba because Hassan and Ali are their servants. Although HassanRead MoreT he Kite Runner-Socratic Motivation1310 Words   |  6 PagesAmelia Fong Amanatullah English 2H P1 11 October 2017 The Kite Runner - Socratic Seminar Questions and Answers Supplementary Text Questions: Conflict --AOW: The Difference Between Guilt and Shame by Joseph Burgo What conflict do the two characters share, making themselves similar to each other? Do both Amir and Baba feel guilt and shame through their actions? In the novel, by Khaled Hosseini, the reader learns that both Amir and Baba have betrayed the people closest to them: Amir betrayed HassanRead MoreTheme Of Violence In The Kite Runner1133 Words   |  5 Pagesall have one trait in common; To be accepted. Although, in trying to become accepted, we can lose friendships and trust from people we love, but far worse we could lose ourselves, trying to be accepted for someone we are not. In the novel â€Å"The Kite Runner† by Khaled Hossieni, we as the reader see many different situations in witch Amir is putting his real self aside and taking his anger out and betraying someone very close to Baba and Amir himself, closer than the reader and the protagonist AmirRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1695 Words   |  7 Pages The Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini, is a famous novel for its honest portrait of betrayal, and redemption. The novel is narrated by fictional character, Amir, who starts a new life in America with his wife, Soraya, and is a successful author who tries to escape from his haunted childhood in Afghanistan.. Amir is the son of wealthy Afghan businessman, Baba. The opening chapters are told by an older Amir explaining about his childhood. As a reader, one will notice that every joy experienced

Margret atwood Free Essays

In the book The Penelopiad, Margret Atwood gives the 12 hanged maids a voice throughout the novel. She tells the story of the odyssey and Penelope’s voice is powerful while also truthful and honest throughout the story. There is a reason and a purpose of why Margret Attwood chooses to give the maids a voice and let them be heard. We will write a custom essay sample on Margret atwood or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the story, Margret Atwood talks and discusses the maids for a specific reason. I believe that she thinks that the maids had no voice, they are all females, and there eath was not explained. That leaves one explanation that Margret Atwood is a feminist and thought that it would be important to include the maids and give them a much bigger part to show that its not 0k to treat women that way. In the first telling of the story, it was never stated that the maids had restrictions as to who and whom they couldn’t sleep with. What also was not explained was why they slept with the suitors in the first place. That is why Margret Atwood found it to be intriguing to write bout what actually happened and give the maids a voice. Another reason for why Margret Atwood chose to give the maids a voice is because women didn’t exactly have a say back in that time period and were also looked down upon. I think that Margret Atwood The last reason why Margret Atwood chose to include the maids into the story is because she wanted people to see and understand the daily life of a maid back then and what they had to go through. How to cite Margret atwood, Papers Margret Atwood Free Essays Vasanth Pandi Ian Lea LSO 100: Canadian short story 14/03/2013 â€Å"Margaret Atwood† An honored Canadian writer who is globally recognized as a feminist and a role model for developing writers, you may ask who this person is; she is no other Margaret Eleanor Atwood herself. Margaret Eleanor Atwood was born in Ottawa, Ontario Canada on the day of November 18, 1939. Atwood was the middle child of her mother and father: Margaret Eleanor Atwood was born in Ottawa, Ontario Canada on the day of November 18, 1939. We will write a custom essay sample on Margret Atwood or any similar topic only for you Order Now Atwood was the middle child of her mother and father: Margaret Dorothy (a former dietitian and nutritionist) and Carl Edmund Atwood (an entomologist). When Margaret Atwood was young â€Å"she became a reader of various literatures such as Dell pocketbook mysteries, Grimm’s fairy tales, Canadian animal stories and comic books† (Cooke, N. ). â€Å"Margaret realized she wanted to write professionally at the age of 16. Margaret Atwood is known for reinventing herself over the course of her career† (Tyler, Anne). She has written speculative fiction, realistic fiction, historical fiction and science fiction, she is also known for using science as an important theme in her books because of her father being a scientist. The three major short stories that where chosen from Margaret Atwood are â€Å"Polarities†, â€Å"Training† and â€Å"Rape Fantasies†. These short stories were chosen because of her narrative style and the fact that the entire plots appear to be balance. What the critics have said about these three major short stories are: â€Å"In Atwood’s story â€Å"Polarities†, to read Atwood’s description of insanity by social definition and of psychic iconoclasm in â€Å"Polarities† and surfacing in conjunction with contemporary works which analyze the social construction of reality is to realize that what Atwood calls ‘mythologizing’ is usually a conscious or unconscious enforcement of the sexual â€Å"polarities† inherent in the myths of romantic love, nuclear marriage, the machismo male, and the ‘feminine’ woman. As an intelligent women and a poet, Atwood indicates that we must somehow escape from this alienating cultural definition of personality and human relations† (Gloria Onley, pg. 21). The critique talks about Margaret Atwood’s choice of gender roles in â€Å"Polarities† and how certain characters unlike each other communicate with each other, show love towards each other and complemented each other’s differences. â€Å"In the short story â€Å"Training† does not have a unifying theme but it does have a pervasive mood- rather like watching an early Antonioni film, set in Canada. The strong character are not as beautiful as Monica Vitti but equally neurasthenic. The men are burnt-out cases of a corrupt and obsolete patriarchal civilization. Atwood’s hallmark as a prose writer, for the style of writing itself contains few surprises; it is a self-effacing style, with deadpan delivery: what matters is the accumulation of details, line by line, until a picture of complex irony is achieved† (John Hofsess, pg. 27). John Hofsess a Canadian critic and filmmaker, comments on Atwoods narrative style in â€Å"training†. The short story â€Å"Rape fantasies† is one of Atwood’s most consistently humorous pieces. Atwood offers moving, indeed profound, insights into human nature and the problems of human relationships, without over-burdening the story form. The most significant aspect of the story is the gradual revelation of the personality of first person speaker as though and sardonic, yet lonely and vulnerable. The story is set in a cocktail lounge where the narrator is discussing her office friend’s interest in rape fantasies with a new male acquaintance. As she talks, she slowly drops her caustic tone to relate her own rape fantasies and, through these, much of her philosophy of life. † (Sherrill Grace, pg 154). Sherrill Grace is also a Canadian critic and educator; she talks about how â€Å"Rape fantasies† is one of Atwood’s best short stories, how the story has so much to offer any discussion surrounding power, sex and violence. In conclusion, Margaret Atwood a Canadian writer whose short stories are known around the world for the quality of work she shows in her short stories. She has published various amount of work in different categories in writing such as poems and novels. Atwood is also known for drawing attention to other Canadian writers from around the world and was one of the most influenced writers from her time of Canadian writers. Atwood is also known for accepting the fact that she is a Canadian author who embraces the importance of being Canadian and being one of forefront’s as a Canadian writer. References â€Å" John Hofsess. â€Å"Atwoodioni Presents†¦. † In Books in Canada Vol. 6, No. 9, November, 1977 pp 27-81. † â€Å"Gloria Onley. Power Politics in Bluebeard’s Castle. † In Canadian Literature, NO. 60, spring. 1974, pp. 21-42. † â€Å"Sherrill grace, in her Violent Duality: A Study of Margaret Atwood, edited by Ken Norris, Vehicule Press, 1980, pg 154. † â€Å"Biography of Margaret Atwood | List of Works, Study Guides Essays | GradeSaver. †Ã‚  Study Guides ; Essay Editing | Gr adeSaver. N. p. , n. d. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. ;http://www. gradesaver. com/author/margaret-atwood/;. Tyler, Anne. â€Å"The Complexities of Ordinary Life. †Ã‚  The New York Times – Breaking News, World News ; Multimedia. N. p. , n. d. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. ;http://www. nytimes. com/books/00/09/03/specials/atwood-dancing. html;. Cooke, N. Margaret Atwood: A Biography. Toronto: ECW, 1998 Margaret Eleanor Atwood was born in Ottawa, Ontario Canada on the day of November 18, 1939. Atwood was the middle child of her mother and father: Margaret Dorothy (a former dietitian and nutritionist) and Carl Edmund Atwood (an entomologist). When Margaret Atwood was young â€Å"she became a reader of various literatures such as Dell pocketbook mysteries, Grimm’s fairy tales, Canadian animal stories and comic books† (Cooke, N. ). How to cite Margret Atwood, Papers

Satan Essays - Fallen Angels, Hell, Abrahamic Mythology, Satan

Satan And Heroism Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary defines hero as the principal male personage, usually of noble character in a poem, story, drama, or the like regarded as a model. Milton's Paradise Lost presents the reader with characters that could be considered models as heroes. Satan, or Lucifer, qualifies for this distinction. In Paradise Lost, Satan, God's favorite, is cast out of heaven. Lucifer had to be outstanding at one point in time in order to share in God's grace. Only Lucifer's choice, in line 39 "To set himself in glory above his peers," committed him to a fall from grace. Satan must have possessed character attributes fit for a king to be held in such high esteem by God. Only through pride and self-conceit did Lucifer earn God's wrath. For example, in line 84, Beelzebub says, "If thou beest he... but O how fallen! how changed From him, who in the happy realms of light Clothed with transcendent brightness didst outshine Myriads though bright--." The key here is "how changed," denotes both "good" and "bad" traits with emphasis on "good" at one time. Satan displays how easy it is to be "good" and receive God's grace, thus denoting Satan's choice in trying to capture God. It is difficult to look upon Satan as "good" but by Satan's choosing to defy God and his kingdom, it implies that Satan does indeed have a "good" side to his character and the aspect of choice, whether good or bad, is irrelevant to the differing sides of Satan's character. Only the absence of choice would make someone inherently good or bad. As a result of Satan being revered by God, and his ability to make his own decisions, these characteristics asist to portray aspects of heroism in Lucifer's character.

Oliver Twist The Blind Woman essays

Oliver Twist The Blind Woman essays In todays American justice system the law is supposed to be blind. Often we se this reflected in a statue of a lady with a blindfold over her head. However, in Charles Dickens classic Oliver Twist we see that justice is far from blind and in fact prejudice against the poor and less fortunate, in nineteenth century England. Dickens distaste for the justice system is clearly conveyed while Oliver is on trial. Mr. Fang, the judge, is the primary way in which Dickens expresses himself. Once the policeman catches Oliver it is evident that the law and justice system are corrupt and unfair. The much older policeman manhandles Oliver, a young child, believing that Oliver had just committed a crime. Even though the victim believes the officer is handling the boy too harshly the officer does not loosen his grip. Instead the policeman rips Olivers coat. Then the officer proceeds to intimidate the boy by calling him the devil in front of a huge audience. Never should a person not guilty of anything be treated like Oliver. The officer continues to believe Oliver is the thief even though the young boy protests. The officer believes the opinion of the other older people, the merchants, who were shouting and chasing Oliver. The officer is a disgraceful person because, as he tosses Oliver around, like a rag doll, and is listening to a story that implicates people not caught, he does nothing to see if the boy tells the truth. There could be another thief, the real thief of Mr. Brownlows wallet, on the streets able to steal again another day. Not only is the officer doing a disservice to Oliver he also hurts the public whom he has sworn to protect. Getting apprehended is only the beginning of a look inside an awful criminal system. The witnesses follow Oliver to court. In most of their minds they have already convicted Oliver. Even though he has not been found guilty Oliver has already ...

The Battle of Horseshoe Bend in the Creek War

The Battle of Horseshoe Bend in the Creek War The Battle of Horseshoe Bend was fought March 27, 1814, during the Creek War (1813-1814). Inspired by the actions of the Shawnee leader Tecumseh, the Upper Creek elected to side with the British during the War of 1812 and commenced attacks on American settlements. Responding, Major General Andrew Jackson moved against the Upper Creek base at Horseshoe Bend in eastern Alabama with a mix of militia and regular troops. Attacking on March 27, 1814, his men overwhelmed the defenders and broke the back of the Upper Creeks resistance. A short time later, the Upper Creek asked for peace which was granted through the Treaty of Fort Jackson. Background With the United States and Britain engaged in the War of 1812, the Upper Creek elected to join with the British in 1813 and began attacks on American settlements in the southeast. This decision was based on the actions of the Shawnee leader Tecumseh who had visited the area in 1811 calling for a Native American confederacy, intrigues from the Spanish in Florida, as well as resentment about encroaching American settlers. Known as the Red Sticks, mostly likely due to their red-painted war clubs, the Upper Creeks successfully attacked and massacred the garrison of Fort Mims, just north of Mobile, AL, on August 30. Early American campaigns against the Red Sticks met with moderate success that fall but failed to eliminate the threat. One of these thrusts was led by Major General Andrew Jackson of Tennessee and saw him push south along the Coosa River. Reinforced in early March 1814, Jacksons command included a mix of Tennessee militia, the 39th US Infantry, as well as allied Cherokee and Lower Creek warriors. Alerted to the presence of a large Red Stick camp at the Horseshoe Bend of the Tallapoosa River, Jackson began moving his forces to strike. Creek leader Menawa. Public Domain Menawa and Horseshoe Bend The Red Sticks at Horseshoe Bend were led by the respected war leader Menawa. The previous December, he had moved the inhabitants of six Upper Creek villages to the bend and built a fortified town. While a village was constructed at the southern toe of the bend, a fortified log wall was built across the neck for protection. Dubbing the encampment Tohopeka, Menawa hoped that the wall would hold off attackers or at least delay them long enough for the 350 women and children in the camp to escape across the river. To defend Tohopeka, he had around 1,000 warriors of which around a third possessed a musket or rifle. Fast Facts: Battle of Horseshoe Bend Conflict: Creek War (1813-1814)Dates: March 27, 1814Armies Commanders:United StatesMajor General Andrew Jacksonapprox. 3,300 menRed Sticks:Menawaapprox. 1,000 menCasualties:United States: 47 killed and 159 wounded, Native American allies: 23 killed and 47 woundedRedSticks: 857 killed, 206 wounded Jackson's Plan Approaching the area early on March 27, 1814, Jackson split his command and ordered Brigadier General John Coffee to take his mounted militia and the allied warriors downstream to cross the river. Once this was done, they were to march upstream and surround Tohopeka from the far bank of the Tallapoosa. From this position, they were to act as a distraction and cut off Menawas lines of retreat. As Coffee departed, Jackson moved towards the fortified wall with the remaining 2,000 men of his command (Map). Fighting Begins Deploying his men across the neck, Jackson opened fire with his two artillery pieces at 10:30 AM with the goal of opening a breach in the wall through which his troops could attack. Possessing only a 6-pounder and 3-pounder, the American bombardment proved ineffective. While the American guns were firing, three of Coffees Cherokee warriors swam across the river and stole several Red Stick canoes. Returning to the south bank they began ferrying their Cherokee and Lower Creek comrades across the river to attack Tohopeka from the rear. In the process, they set fire to several buildings. Battle of Horseshoe Bend. Public Domain Jackson Strikes Around 12:30 PM, Jackson saw smoke rising from behind the Red Stick lines. Ordering his men forward, the Americans moved towards the wall with the 39th US Infantry in the lead. In brutal fighting, the Red Sticks were pushed back from the wall. One of the first Americans over the barricade was young Lieutenant Sam Houston who was wounded in the shoulder by an arrow. Driving forward, the Red Sticks fought an increasingly desperate battle with Jacksons men attacking from the north and his Native American allies assaulting from the south. Those Red Sticks that attempted to escape across the river were cut down by Coffees men. Fighting in the camp raged through the day as Menawas men attempted to make a final stand. With darkness falling the battle came to an end. Though severely wounded, Menawa and around 200 of his men were able to escape the field and sought refuge with the Seminoles in Florida. Aftermath In the fighting, 557 Red Sticks were killed defending the encampment, while approximately 300 more were killed by Coffees men while attempting to escape across the Tallapoosa. The 350 women and children in Tohopeka became prisoners of the Lower Creek and Cherokees. American losses numbered 47 killed and 159 wounded, while Jacksons Native American allies incurred 23 killed and 47 wounded. Having broken the back of the Red Sticks, Jackson moved south and built Fort Jackson at the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa in the heart of the Red Sticks holy ground. William Weatherford meets with Andrew Jackson. Library of Congress From this position, he sent out the word to the remaining Red Stick forces that they were to sever their ties to the British and Spanish or risk being wiped out. Understanding his people to be defeated, noted Red Stick leader William Weatherford (Red Eagle) came to Fort Jackson and asked for peace. This was concluded by the Treaty of Fort Jackson on August 9, 1814, by which the Creek ceded 23 million acres of land in present-day Alabama and Georgia to the United States. For his success against the Red Sticks, Jackson was made a major general in the US Army and achieved further glory the following January at the Battle of New Orleans.